{"id":5237,"date":"2016-06-29T20:58:23","date_gmt":"2016-06-30T00:58:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/?p=5237"},"modified":"2021-02-02T23:08:19","modified_gmt":"2021-02-03T04:08:19","slug":"trung-quoc-muon-dai-phau-doanh-nghiep-xac-song","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/?p=5237","title":{"rendered":"Trung Qu\u1ed1c mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1eabu \u201cdoanh nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e1c s\u1ed1ng\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1ea1m V\u0169 L\u1eeda H\u1ea1<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

C\u1ea3nh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt \u1edf T\u1ea5n Th\u00e0nh, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p khai kho\u00e1ng \u1edf t\u1ec9nh S\u01a1n T\u00e2y, l\u00e0 than \u0111\u00e1 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng m\u1ecf m\u00f9 m\u1ecbt b\u1ee5i \u0111en li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea5t l\u00ean t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ch\u1edf ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u00c1c m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i l\u00e0 th\u1eddi nay than \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f2n bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5. Trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 6,9%, ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda so v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp ni\u00ean, nh\u1eefng m\u1ecf kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p d\u1edf s\u1ed1ng d\u1edf ch\u1ebft ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1eb3ng ai mu\u1ed1n mua.<\/p>\n

B\u1ecf th\u00ec th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec n\u1eb7ng<\/b><\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cc\u00f4ng ty x\u00e1c s\u1ed1ng\u201d (zombie company) nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0o hai th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7 kinh t\u1ebf. T\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e1c s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc (DNNN), sinh ra t\u1eeb n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa l\u00fac kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u1ea3ng lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2008.<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh k\u00edch th\u00edch kinh t\u1ebf kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, kho\u1ea3ng 4.000 t\u1ef7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1ec7, kh\u1ed1i ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng qu\u1ed1c doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb t\u0103ng v\u1ed1n vay cho DNNN, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y m\u1ea1nh tay \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1edbi b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p c\u1ea7u tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ra sao. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, nh\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1eeba c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 n\u1ee3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eeba cung l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n n\u00e0y tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ee9c th\u1eeba c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt, M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i. Theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n Rhodium Group, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e9p to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng 57% trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean t\u00ednh t\u1edbi n\u0103m 2014, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y Trung Qu\u1ed1c chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 91% trong m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3. Trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh, t\u1eeb gi\u1ea5y t\u1edbi k\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh c\u0169ng y h\u1ec7t: Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n nay th\u1eeba cung nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu c\u1ea7u n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba. Song, t\u0103ng v\u1eabn ho\u00e0n t\u0103ng: c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u00f4m d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd t\u0103ng 1\/10 trong n\u0103m nay. Theo Ying Wang c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng Fitch, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ng\u00e0nh khai th\u00e1c than \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd t\u0103ng th\u00eam kho\u1ea3ng hai t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n trong hai n\u0103m t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o chi ti\u1ebft do Ph\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 h\u1ed3i th\u00e1ng 2, m\u1ee9c th\u1eeba c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2008. Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trung \u01b0\u01a1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t 696 h\u00e3ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Giang T\u00f4, t\u1ec9nh duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng n\u00fai b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, s\u1eaft th\u00e9p \u0111x\u00e1c s\u1ed1ng m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh n\u00e0y coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn v\u1eadt v\u1edd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1eabn gi\u1eef bi\u00ean ch\u1ebf cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00ec ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf-x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 kh\u00e1nh ki\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng qu\u1ed1c doanh \u0111\u00f4i khi \u201cl\u1eafp \u1ed1ng th\u1edf\u201d cho c\u00e1c DNNN thua l\u1ed7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1o n\u1ee3 ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ee3, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh c\u0169ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u01b0ng cho c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng khu v\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c doanh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9a con b\u1ecb nu\u00f4ng chi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c n\u00ean kh\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o n\u1ec1 n\u1ebfp khi gia c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed1n kh\u00f3. Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng v\u1ed1n vay c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1eabu<\/b><\/p>\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kinh t\u1ebf Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eadm nh\u1ea5t trong 25 n\u0103m, gi\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh t\u1ebf cho r\u1eb1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1ed1i DNNN c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf b\u1edbt ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, DNNN t\u1eadp trung trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh \u201cnhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3i\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169 nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p, than, \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u, v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng. Kh\u1ed1i DNNN \u00ec \u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady nh\u01b0 y t\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed – nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

\"Nh\u00e0
Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y Th\u00e9p Thanh Tuy\u1ec1n \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01a1n, H\u00e0 B\u1eafc, b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda n\u0103m 2014, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u201cx\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e1c s\u1ed1ng\u201d \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. (\u1ea2nh: Kevin Frayer\/Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0110\u00f3ng c\u1eeda DNNN x\u00e1c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m \u01b0u ti\u00ean trong n\u0103m nay. H\u1ed3i th\u00e1ng 12-2015, th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng L\u00fd Kh\u1eafc C\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e1c s\u1ed1ng th\u1eeba c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc. \u00cdt l\u00e2u sau, h\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 2-2016, b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Do\u00e3n U\u1ea5t D\u00e2n cho bi\u1ebft s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 1,3 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0nh than v\u00e0 500.000 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0nh th\u00e9p s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c khi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n th\u1eeba c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Trung Qu\u1ed1c mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3m n\u1ea1n th\u1eeba cung \u1edf \u00edt nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0nh, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 xi m\u0103ng, th\u1ee7y tinh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u; ng\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi tuy th\u1eeba cung nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn do v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch gi\u1ea3m 150 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u00e9p th\u00f4 v\u00e0 500 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t than trong v\u00f2ng 3-5 n\u0103m t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 3, t\u1ea1i k\u1ef3 ho\u0323p th\u01b0\u0301 4 kh\u00f3a 12, qu\u00f4\u0301c h\u00f4\u0323i Trung Qu\u00f4\u0301c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 5 n\u0103m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 13, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang t\u1eadp trung ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1ea1i phi\u00ean khai m\u1ea1c, th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng L\u00fd Kh\u1eafc C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i cam k\u1ebft x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng DNNN n\u00e0y, th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp, t\u00e1i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u, t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ee3 v\u00e0 thanh l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed3i th\u00e1ng 9-2015, m\u1ed9t quy ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn n\u00eau ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi DNNN. Trong nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 b\u00e3i b\u1ecf b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m mang t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd cao c\u1ea5p trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p (do ban t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn). Song, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t – trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee9ng ra d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c DNNN l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

H\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp ni\u00ean qua. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi \u1ee6y ban Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n Qu\u1ed1c doanh (SASAC), c\u01a1 quan gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c DNNN kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c ng\u00e0nh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2003, s\u1ed1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 189 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 103, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp. Gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c DNNN l\u1edbn h\u01a1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh cao h\u01a1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. T\u1eeb l\u00e2u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1edd quy m\u00f4 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia. Trong n\u0103m qua, SASAC \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp \u00edt nh\u1ea5t s\u00e1u DNNN r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ee5 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u01a1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c (COSCO) v\u1edbi T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n H\u1ea3i v\u1eadn Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp n\u00ean c\u00f4ng ty v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i container l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ee5 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp quy m\u00f4 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng ty qu\u1ed1c doanh. Hai c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb xe l\u1eeda l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2014. T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n m\u1edbi d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ea7u cung \u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m trong s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a M\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a T\u1eadp C\u1eadn B\u00ecnh, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00fap c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u00e1n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 Trung \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p cao Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng. SASAC \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng \u201cquy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p\u201d, m\u1ef9 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, thay v\u00ec gi\u1ea3m vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a DNNN trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cho r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a DNNN. T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 23-11-2015, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ea3ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng DNNN, v\u00e0 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf t\u01b0 h\u1eefu h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

Thay \u201cch\u00e9n c\u01a1m s\u1eaft\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n

\u01afu ti\u00ean ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong n\u0103m 2016 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdng cung, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nghi ng\u1edd li\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n th\u1eeba c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn th\u1ea5p. S\u1edbm mu\u1ed9n g\u00ec th\u00ec c\u00e1c DNNN y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i u\u1ed1ng vi\u00ean thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eafng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 sa th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda DNNN thua l\u1ed7 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i sa th\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t. B\u1eafc Kinh ch\u01b0a d\u00e1m m\u1ea1nh tay x\u1eed l\u00fd, e ng\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00ec d\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh khi \u201cch\u00e9n c\u01a1m s\u1eaft\u201d (k\u1ebf sinh nhai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi) b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eadp n\u00e1t. S\u00e1p nh\u1eadp DNNN y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m v\u00e0o DNNN m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n th\u1eeba c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u00edt g\u00e2y x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c DNNN thua l\u1ed7 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n, khi\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 5-6 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c doanh b\u1ecb ngh\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c trong v\u00f2ng 2-3 n\u0103m t\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tinh gi\u1ea3n bi\u00ean ch\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Kinh trong g\u1ea7n hai ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m. \u0110\u1ee3t t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac DNNN t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1998 t\u1edbi 2003 \u0111\u00e3 sa th\u1ea3i kho\u1ea3ng 28 tri\u1ec7u nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 trung \u01b0\u01a1ng chi kho\u1ea3ng 73,1 t\u1ef7 t\u1ec7 cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ngh\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

Theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 100 t\u1ef7 t\u1ec7 trong v\u00f2ng hai n\u0103m t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c doanh b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale cho r\u1eb1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 270 t\u1ef7 t\u1ec7, t\u1ee9c 1,7% s\u1ed1 thu ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch n\u0103m 2015 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 – cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1eabu n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111au th\u1ea5u x\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u1eefng x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng qu\u1ed1c doanh \u00f4m c\u1ea3 n\u00fai n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u. \u201cN\u1ee3 ch\u00e9o\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u1ee3 do doanh nghi\u1ec7p vay c\u1ee7a nhau, c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0nh th\u00e9p v\u00e0 than hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u 1.000 t\u1ef7 t\u1ec7. V\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu h\u1ed3i n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 30%, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 700 t\u1ef7 t\u1ec7). M\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi trong hai ng\u00e0nh th\u00e9p v\u00e0 than. V\u1edbi h\u01a1n ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0nh b\u1ecb th\u1eeba c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ee3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m o\u1eb1n l\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ee3 x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c DNNN x\u00e1c s\u1ed1ng trong ng\u00e0nh th\u00e9p sang cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee5ng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ngh\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n cho t\u1edbi khi c\u00e1c DNNN x\u00e1c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0 n\u1ee3 n\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xong.<\/p>\n

(B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean Tu\u1ed5i Tr\u1ebb Cu\u1ed1i Tu\u1ea7n ng\u00e0y 26-6-2016<\/a>.)<\/p>\n

\u00a9\u00a02016 Ph\u1ea1m V\u0169 L\u1eeda H\u1ea1<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i to\u00e1n nan gi\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. M\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c doanh kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, n\u1ee3 n\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u, k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Do kinh t\u1ebf Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eadm nh\u1ea5t trong 25 n\u0103m, x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1ed1i DNNN c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kinh t\u1ebf; trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1eabu c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e1c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m \u01b0u ti\u00ean n\u0103m nay.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5240,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false},"categories":[2,6],"tags":[90,401],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/zombieSOE.jpg?fit=665%2C373&ssl=1","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7qNYI-1mt","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5237"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5237"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5237\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6219,"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5237\/revisions\/6219"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5240"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5237"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5237"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5237"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}