{"id":3879,"date":"2014-06-04T20:51:48","date_gmt":"2014-06-05T00:51:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/phamvuluaha.wordpress.com\/?p=3879"},"modified":"2016-05-16T11:47:40","modified_gmt":"2016-05-16T15:47:40","slug":"tiananmen2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/?p=3879","title":{"rendered":"B\u00f3ng ma L\u1ee5c T\u1ee9 (K\u1ef3 cu\u1ed1i)"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trung C\u1ed9ng d\u00f9ng xe t\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u00fang m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p d\u00e3 man cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u00f4n h\u00f2a \u0111\u00f2i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thi\u00ean An M\u00f4n. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft nh\u01a1 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong s\u1eed s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 L\u1ee5c T\u1ee9 (di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1989). Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean trang China File ng\u00e0y 20\/4\/2014, Perry Link, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 danh d\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Princeton, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u201ccho ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea5m t\u1ef1 do t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ec3u B\u00ecnh sau v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Trung Qu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y nay. \u00a0B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ph\u1ecfng theo l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Perry Link vi\u1ebft cho cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n\u00a0\u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0u vong Thi\u00ean An M\u00f4n: Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00f2i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/em>\u201d (Tiananmen Exiles: Voices of the Struggle for Democracy in China<\/em>) c\u1ee7a\u00a0Rowena He [H\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Thanh].\u00a0M\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i n\u00e0y\u00a0\u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean NYRblog<\/em> ng\u00e0y 31\/3\/2014 v\u1edbi nhan \u0111\u1ec1 China After Tiananmen: Money, Yes; Ideas, No<\/em>\u00a0(Trung Qu\u1ed1c sau Thi\u00ean An M\u00f4n: ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec c\u1ea5m<\/em>).<\/p>\n

B\u00f3ng ma L\u1ee5c T\u1ee9<\/h3>\n

Perry Link<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea1m V\u0169 L\u1eeda H\u1ea1\u00a0d\u1ecbch<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

(K\u1ef3 1<\/a>)<\/p>\n

\"\u0110\u1ea1i<\/a>
\u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An ng\u00e0y 4\/6\/1989 (Alan Chin)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 sau: Trong th\u1eddi Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 do v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t. Sau khi Mao ch\u1ebft n\u0103m 1976, v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n sau v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t n\u0103m 1989, \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ec3u B\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f2ng ki\u1ec1m t\u1ecfa v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 \u201ct\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d, nh\u01b0ng chuy\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec nay h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do. V\u00e0 h\u1ecd lao v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n – m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m v\u1eady khi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m l\u1ee5ng c\u1eadt l\u1ef1c – v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p, l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed5ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n b\u00e1o ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 do hay c\u00e1c t\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u1edf nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u01a1i h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. C\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u1ebft n\u0103m n\u00e0y sang n\u0103m kh\u00e1c. V\u1eady c\u00f3 l\u1ea1 ch\u0103ng khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3? Nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft tinh vi c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh n\u00e0y h\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng h\u00ecnh th\u00f9 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ed \u1ea9n hay \u201cph\u00e9p l\u1ea1\u201d.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1985, \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ec3u B\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201ch\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u00e2n ch\u00fang l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra, v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1t. C\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 b\u00e9o b\u1edf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 tham \u00f4, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng thu nh\u1eadp \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng cho t\u1edbi khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 thua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf Ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 Nam M\u1ef9. Trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u d\u00e2n gian, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau tr\u00ean Internet, chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfu l\u00e2m, ca dao, v\u00e0 \u201cb\u00e0i v\u00e8\u201d (thu\u1eadn kh\u1ea9u l\u01b0u<\/em>, shunkouliu<\/em>) th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng – v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng – \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, tr\u00ean c\u00e1c k\u00eanh n\u00e0y nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, vi\u1ec7c cai tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc cho ph\u00e9p, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 coi tr\u1ecdng ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf chuy\u00ean quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ngh\u00e8o \u0111i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Vaclav Havel \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201ch\u1eadu to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb\u201d trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt. Nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u00fd c\u1ee7a Havel, Th\u1ea9m \u0110\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 sinh vi\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh n\u0103m 1989, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng \u201cth\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng an\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cta s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3\u201d. V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110an, m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 sinh vi\u00ean th\u1eddi 1989 kh\u00e1c, th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng d\u1ea7n theo n\u0103m th\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n quen v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u2018n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c\u201d. Vi\u1ec7c Trung Qu\u1ed1c tung h\u00f4 chuy\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n khi\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Ti\u1ec7p Kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Havel, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 x\u00f3a \u0111i s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o (nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y l\u1ea1c quan cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd x\u00f3a \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c), c\u01a1n say ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e0ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1edbi \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c h\u00e0nh x\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111ang m\u00f2 m\u1eabm t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1edbi n\u00ean h\u00e0nh x\u1eed ra sao. Trong th\u1eddi Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng, phim \u1ea3nh, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00edch ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1ebd bi\u1ebfm h\u1ecda gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u b\u1ecdn t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n hoang \u0111\u00e0ng ra sao – \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n, th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng, t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, gi\u00e0y l\u00e1ng c\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 b\u1ea3nh, xe b\u00f3ng l\u1ed9n, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n. T\u1ea5t t\u1ea7n t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u xa. Sau th\u1eddi Mao, trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u201cl\u00e0m gi\u00e0u l\u00e0 vinh quang\u201d, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed khi c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh bi\u1ebfm h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n nh\u01b0ng nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a vung tay \u0103n ch\u01a1i \u1edf Bali v\u00e0 Paris, n\u01a1i h\u1ecd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 mua s\u1eafm nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n xa x\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa Chanel v\u00e0 t\u00fai x\u00e1ch Luis Vuitton. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c mua t\u00fai x\u00e1ch (c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00fai x\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5 – ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3, nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc – v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf v\u1edbi thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 l\u00e0 ta qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 mua tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb Paris. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua th\u00eam m\u1ea5y c\u00e1i t\u00fai x\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em v\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u00e1n ki\u1ebfm l\u1eddi – m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4n ngoan \u0111\u1ec3 trang tr\u1ea3i ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i Paris. B\u00e1n l\u1ea1i t\u00fai x\u00e1ch l\u00e0 sang tr\u1ecdng, \u0111i Paris l\u00e0 sang tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u1ea5y c\u00e1i t\u00fai x\u00e1ch l\u00e0 sang tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u01b0ng li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sang tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y v\u1eefng ch\u1ea3i trong l\u00f2ng? Hay h\u1ecd qu\u00e1 b\u1eadn ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ea1nh tranh, ch\u1ea1y \u2013 trong khi \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 (ng\u1ea1i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra) r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh h\u1ebft x\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

\u201cTh\u00f3i tr\u1ecdng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u m\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. \u201cTh\u00f3i s\u0129 di\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i\u201d c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00fai x\u00e1ch m\u00e0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00fai x\u00e1ch. N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1i t\u00fai x\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 v\u1ebb b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f2n hy v\u1ecdng cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00ec khi v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u n\u00e0y lan r\u1ed9ng, thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 c\u00e0ng ch\u00ea c\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3. S\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 truy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfu l\u00e2m truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3: s\u1eefa gi\u1ea3, r\u01b0\u1ee3u gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed5 gi\u1ea3, \u1ea3nh gi\u1ea3, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u1ea3, h\u00e1t gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n – th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 s\u01b0 t\u1eed gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1edf th\u00fa (m\u1ed9t con ch\u00f3 l\u1edbn gi\u1ea3 trang). Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Trung Qu\u1ed1c D\u01b0 Hoa \u0111\u00e3 chua ch\u00e1t n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9 duy nh\u1ea5t ta bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ri\u00eang t\u01b0, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i c\u00f4ng khai th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb7c danh. Ch\u1eb3ng ai d\u1ea1i g\u00ec c\u00f4ng khai c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m\u201d, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4n th\u00ec n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ee7a x\u1ea3 \u1edf ch\u1ed1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1edb g\u00e2y r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa b\u00e0n d\u00e2n thi\u00ean h\u1ea1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u00ednh to\u00e1n sao cho c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho m\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. B\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng tr\u00e1nh xa h\u1ecd – kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi v\u1edbi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n) m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do s\u1ee3 d\u00ednh ch\u00e0m gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ecd. Khi V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110an v\u1ec1 th\u0103m qu\u00ea cha sau khi anh n\u1ed5i danh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng canh g\u00e1c c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o l\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 anh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7n – nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i, n\u1ebfu anh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd che gi\u1ea5u anh.<\/p>\n

D\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 trong khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng khi n\u0103m th\u00e1ng d\u1ea7n tr\u00f4i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1edbt quan tr\u1ecdng. D\u00f9 th\u1eadt t\u00ecnh hay gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u00f2a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u201cb\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d. R\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c, theo nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a Rowena He, Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u201cm\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 l\u1edbp tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd hy sinh v\u00ec l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d.<\/p>\n

Song, \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c (c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o) kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y v\u1eefng ch\u1ea3i khi c\u1ee9 m\u00e3i s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0i nghi v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u g\u1edfi ti\u1ec1n ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i – v\u00e0 c\u0169ng cho con \u0111i du h\u1ecdc. N\u0103m 2013, nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong gi\u1edbi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng theo xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n di c\u01b0. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong l\u00e0nh h\u01a1n, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u1eeb m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m (nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c) \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n s\u00e2u xa v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng cho d\u00f9, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u00f5 ra. Li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ngay c\u1ea3 cho nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n? Th\u1ef1c ra, di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Trong s\u00e1ch M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed<\/em>, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 300 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a vua ch\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu h\u00fat \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1ee9 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. X\u1ee9 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 b\u1ea1o ch\u00faa th\u00ec d\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u1ecf x\u1ee9 \u0111i sang n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Rowena He mu\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c – nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a \u201c\u00e1i qu\u1ed1c\u201d C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n – \u01b0\u1edbc mong Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c h\u00fat nh\u01b0 M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ec3u B\u00ecnh sau v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t 1989, Rowena He vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5, m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng trung b\u00ecnh cao h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ebf n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng g\u00e2y ra b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, tham nh\u0169ng lan tr\u00e0n, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng dai d\u1eb3ng, t\u00e2m l\u00fd ho\u00e0i nghi v\u00e0 cay nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat l\u00f2ng tin v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, chi ti\u00eau qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u201cduy tr\u00ec \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u hung h\u00e3n m\u1edbi song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00f4 h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ecbu bi\u1ebft bao l\u1eddi th\u00f3a m\u1ea1 tr\u00ean Internet t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 cho ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n nay. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 k\u1ebb \u0103n l\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0103n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m: h\u1ecd tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng k\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n theo ki\u1ec3u \u1ea5u tr\u0129 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 r\u1ed7ng tu\u1ebfch v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tri th\u1ee9c. C\u00f4 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u201cch\u1ed1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c\u201d, \u201cb\u00e1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 mua t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho m\u00ecnh\u201d, l\u00e0 \u201ccon \u0111i\u1ebfm cho b\u1ecdn ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c\u201d, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n. T\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Trong h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00f4i t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u00ecnh hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 c\u00e2u n\u00e0o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Rowena He kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00f4.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 suy \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y nay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 do v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t 1989. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0i nghi cay nghi\u1ec7t h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb Phong tr\u00e0o Ph\u1ea3n H\u1eefu n\u0103m 1957 v\u00e0 N\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i L\u1edbn trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1959-1962 th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i Nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt. Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ec3u B\u00ecnh, v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 Trung Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1ea3i V\u1ecb V\u1ecb g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda t\u00e2m linh s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m trong ch\u00fang ta\u201d, nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u201c\u0111i b\u1eb1ng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh m\u1eaft v\u00f4 h\u1ed3n\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u201cch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1n\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t n\u0103m 1989 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u201cti\u1ec1n th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ec3u B\u00ecnh d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c – ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta th\u1ea5y \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y nay – \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. V\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 – n\u1ed7i khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, \u00edt khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0y t\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u – m\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eb9p y\u00ean d\u00e2n ch\u00fang k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c s\u1ebd ra sao? H\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n x\u01b0a nay \u0111\u00e3 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng nh\u1eb1m t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea9y hung h\u0103ng n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

Mario Vargas Llosa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103m 2010, h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2014 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y bu\u1ed3n v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nga v\u00e0 Cuba. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho nh\u1eefng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a do t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1o chung, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111ang m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hy sinh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 r\u0169 b\u1ecf b\u00f3ng ma c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a Vargas Llosa ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ec9a mai c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u201ctinh th\u1ea7n \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c\u201d ki\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c doanh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. V\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, \u201ctinh th\u1ea7n \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c\u201d n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00e2ng b\u1ed1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, m\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xem nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc; d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Th\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu h\u01a1n d\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00f5m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c quan h\u01a1n d\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khoe v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi – c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 khoe – m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1edfi m\u1edf, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Khi \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ec3u B\u00ecnh tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 sau v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t 1989 r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cgi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c\u201d, v\u00e0 khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft c\u00e1c kh\u00e1t khao ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e0o n\u1eb7n h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n \u201c\u00e1i qu\u1ed1c\u201d ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ea3 m\u0169 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 Bertolt Brecht, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft: \u201cNh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n; ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u00e1c.\u201d Li\u1ec7u k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng sau v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m \u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfp, s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u hay kh\u00f4ng? Li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m n\u1eefa s\u1ebd v\u1eabn h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n m\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e1n cho h\u1ecd? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra. D\u00f9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa, ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t cao, cao kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00ec s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em Ch\u00e2u Phi.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Perry Link, The Specter of June Fourth<\/em><\/strong><\/a>, China File, 20\/4\/2014<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t <\/a>\u00a9 2014\u00a0Ph\u1ea1m V\u0169 L\u1eeda H\u1ea1<\/a><\/p>\n

(B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch, k\u00fd t\u00ean Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng An, \u0111\u0103ng 2 k\u1ef3 tr\u00ean\u00a0Th\u1eddi M\u1edbi Canada,<\/em>\u00a0ng\u00e0y 28\/5 v\u00e0 4\/6\/2014.)<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i li\u00ean quan:\u00a0Nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3n ma Thi\u00ean An\u00a0M\u00f4n<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trung C\u1ed9ng d\u00f9ng xe t\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u00fang m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p d\u00e3 man cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u00f4n h\u00f2a \u0111\u00f2i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ea1i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false},"categories":[2,6],"tags":[330,383,390,401,456],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7qNYI-10z","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3879"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3879"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3879\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5157,"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3879\/revisions\/5157"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3879"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3879"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}