{"id":3855,"date":"2014-06-01T07:33:01","date_gmt":"2014-06-01T11:33:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/phamvuluaha.wordpress.com\/?p=3855"},"modified":"2016-06-20T09:17:05","modified_gmt":"2016-06-20T13:17:05","slug":"tiananmen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/?p=3855","title":{"rendered":"B\u00f3ng ma L\u1ee5c T\u1ee9 (K\u1ef3 1)"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trung C\u1ed9ng d\u00f9ng xe t\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u00fang m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p d\u00e3 man cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u00f4n h\u00f2a \u0111\u00f2i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thi\u00ean An M\u00f4n. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft nh\u01a1 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong s\u1eed s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 L\u1ee5c T\u1ee9 (di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1989). Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean trang China File ng\u00e0y 20\/4\/2014, Perry Link, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 danh d\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Princeton, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u201ccho ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea5m t\u1ef1 do t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ec3u B\u00ecnh sau v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Trung Qu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y nay. \u00a0B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ph\u1ecfng theo l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Perry Link vi\u1ebft cho cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n\u00a0\u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0u vong Thi\u00ean An M\u00f4n: Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00f2i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/em>\u201d (Tiananmen Exiles: Voices of the Struggle for Democracy in China<\/em>) c\u1ee7a\u00a0Rowena He [H\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Thanh].\u00a0M\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i n\u00e0y\u00a0\u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean NYRblog<\/em> ng\u00e0y 31\/3\/2014 v\u1edbi nhan \u0111\u1ec1 China After Tiananmen: Money, Yes; Ideas, No<\/em>\u00a0(Trung Qu\u1ed1c sau Thi\u00ean An M\u00f4n: ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec c\u1ea5m<\/em>).<\/p>\n

B\u00f3ng ma L\u1ee5c T\u1ee9<\/h3>\n

Perry Link<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea1m V\u0169 L\u1eeda H\u1ea1<\/a>\u00a0d\u1ecbch<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu h\u00f4m qua l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u, kho\u1ea3ng 1.400 tr\u1ebb em \u1edf Ch\u00e2u Phi ch\u1ebft v\u00ec s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t. C\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n tr\u1ebb thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i do l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea1i sao nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i xem m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd, trong khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1y t\u00edt \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1m tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 x\u1eed. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1: V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1ea1i sao Rowena He [H\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Thanh] v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4\u00a0 \u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0u vong Thi\u00ean An M\u00f4n: Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00f2i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/em>\u201d (Tiananmen Exiles: Voices of the Struggle for Democracy in China<\/em>) n\u00ean lo ngh\u0129 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc? Kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c bao nhi\u00eau sinh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 b\u1ecb xe t\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u00fang m\u00e1y d\u1eadp t\u1eaft v\u00e0o c\u00e1i \u0111\u00eam ng\u00e0y 3 r\u1ea1ng ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 6\u00a0n\u0103m 1989 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh, nh\u01b0ng con s\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ca ch\u1ebft v\u00ec s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m qua.<\/p>\n

\"Binh<\/a>
Binh l\u00ednh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thi\u00ean An M\u00f4n, th\u00e1ng 5\/1989 (David Turnley\/Corbis)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

B\u00f3ng ma c\u1ee7a \u201ccu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t L\u1ee5c T\u1ee9\u201d (ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 6) tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e1ng n\u1ec3. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u00e1m \u1ea3nh k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng, v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung Qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ec3u B\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t l\u1ec7nh cho cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf trong ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 t\u00e0n s\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd \u00edt khi di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb; th\u1ef1c ra, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t l\u00e0 tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho th\u1ea5y k\u00fd \u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u1eb1n s\u00e2u trong \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd c\u1eed vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c m\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng khai v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n c\u00f4ng an m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c trang m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 email b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t n\u00e0y. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m, v\u00e0o \u201cng\u00e0y nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m\u201d 4 th\u00e1ng 6, h\u1ecd c\u1eed h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng an, m\u1eb7c s\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c l\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ec3 canh g\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thi\u00ean An M\u00f4n (\u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i cho cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t) \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng cho \u201cnh\u1eefng k\u1ebb g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i\u201d t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai. Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ck\u1ebft lu\u1eadn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00fang\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u201ccu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\u201d. S\u1ef1 v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 h\u01a1n cho th\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ebft l\u1eddi l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ed7ng tu\u1ebfch. N\u1ebfu th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tin r\u1eb1ng \u201cnh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c\u201d \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 t\u00e0n s\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3 c\u1eeda Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thi\u00ean An M\u00f4n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 6 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u00e1n b\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1eb1ng n\u00e0y h\u1ecd l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00fd do r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng, cho d\u00f9 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft \u00edt h\u01a1n trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng cho m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u201cH\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Thi\u00ean An M\u00f4n<\/em>\u201d (The Tiananmen Papers<\/em>) \u2013 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n d\u1eabn t\u1edbi v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p L\u1ee5c T\u1ee9 \u2013 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1989 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh l\u1edbn tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn V\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u1ea5n, L\u00fd B\u1eb1ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c trong gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n vong c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111ang l\u00e2m nguy.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 cho ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i khi d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u201ct\u1ea5n bi k\u1ecbch\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201csai l\u1ea7m\u201d khi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh c\u1edd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, v\u00e0 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u2013 hi\u1ec7n nay c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u2013 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang. L\u1ebd ra ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thi\u00ean An M\u00f4n b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1i cay, v\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng, hay d\u00f9i cui g\u1ed7. (D\u00f9i cui l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn khi Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Mao c\u1ef1c \u0111oan v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1976. D\u00f9i cui c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 bao.)<\/p>\n

L\u00fd do ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn xe t\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u00fang m\u00e1y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1989 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c mang t\u00ednh uy hi\u1ebfp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra h\u1eb3n th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian di\u1ec5n ra cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p ngay l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f2i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u1edf ba m\u01b0\u01a1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u1ec9nh l\u1ef5 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 m\u00e0 r\u00fat lui. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u1ec1 sau l\u00e0 h\u00e3y bi\u1ebft co m\u00ecnh trong khu\u00f4n ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec li\u1ec7u h\u1ed3n! V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c. V\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 uy t\u00edn v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda r\u00f5 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1950, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 \u201cph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u201ct\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh\u201d (xin m\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u1ecdc) cho gi\u1edbi ch\u00f3p bu c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Mao th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 cho t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng sau khi Mao ch\u1ebft n\u0103m 1976, v\u00e0 trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1980, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n. (Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft hy v\u1ecdng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c?) V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u0103m 1989, t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n d\u1ef1a d\u1eabm kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i n\u00e0y, th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n L\u1ee5c T\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n k\u1ebft li\u1ec5u hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3. Theo l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a D\u1ecbch \u0110an Hi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh vi\u00ean \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Rowena He, \u201cnh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t s\u00fang \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u1ed9t b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i l\u1ed1t m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9i.\u201d Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y D\u1ecbch \u0110an Hi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 x\u1eed cho \u0110\u1eb7ng Ti\u1ec3u B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00f3p bu kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ct\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh\u201d t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u00f4 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, h\u1ecd c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft l\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u ra? Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5y tu\u1ea7n sau sau c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 gi\u1ebft ch\u00f3c, \u0110\u1eb7ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c\u201d. Sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng m\u00e0n \u201cth\u00fa nh\u1eadn\u201d nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 l\u00ean \u00e1n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1edf Thi\u00ean An M\u00f4n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng nh\u1eb1m k\u00edch th\u00edch tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u201cgi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c\u201d cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c thu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea3ng = \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/em> h\u00f3a ra l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u. Trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cy\u00eau\u201d c\u00e1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 lai t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u0103ng cai Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i M\u00f9a h\u00e8 2008 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cth\u1eafng l\u1ee3i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng\u201d. Vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch B\u1eafc Kinh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng\u201d n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 nay tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cch\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c\u201d. C\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi Nh\u1eadt, M\u1ef9, v\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed ly khai\u201d \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ranh gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng-\u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc y\u00eau d\u1ea5u. Nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Cu\u1ed9c Th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t Nam Kinh n\u0103m 1937, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt t\u00e0n s\u00e1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u01a1i d\u1eady (v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5m c\u00f4ng khai t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb v\u1ee5 Nam Kinh) nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft – d\u00f9 th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00fang m\u1ef1c, v\u00ec c\u1ea3m x\u00fac qu\u00e1 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c cho ph\u00e9p ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n. (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i v\u1ecf b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i.) Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed7i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t n\u00e0y. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft, v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 quay l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m. N\u0103m 1989, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn ph\u00e1t s\u00fang \u01a1n hu\u1ec7 k\u1ebft li\u1ec5u nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u0169 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, khi t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3 – khi \u0110\u1ea3ng n\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1n v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n – c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0\u00a0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t cho th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n x\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00f3a kh\u1ecfi t\u00e2m tr\u00ed nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea9y l\u1eabn chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. Chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea9y g\u1ed3m khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o, \u0111e d\u1ecda, v\u00e0 – v\u1edbi k\u1ebb ngoan c\u1ed1 – t\u1ecbch thu m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5p h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu, khi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, t\u1ecbch bi\u00ean t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 – v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee9ng c\u1ed5 – qu\u1ea3n th\u00fac t\u1ea1i gia hay b\u1ecf t\u00f9. Chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt k\u00e9o g\u1ed3m \u201cm\u1eddi u\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0\u201d – t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng an mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, v\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i m\u1eddi u\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1i c\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t n\u1eefa s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u00ean r\u0103n l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u1ea5m kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ecf \u00fd t\u1eb7ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, cho \u0111i l\u1ea1i, t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n th\u00f9 lao kh\u00e1c (s\u1ebd h\u1eadu h\u0129nh h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu ta h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e1o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c); v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eb7n d\u00f2 r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o b\u00ean \u1ea5m tr\u00e0 th\u00e2n t\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt k\u00e9o \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u1edf nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y trong to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ham ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 coi tr\u1ecdng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 khoe c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e3 chi ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 sau n\u0103m 1989. Song c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y sai l\u1ea7m khi h\u1ecd l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u201c\u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i\u201d. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1989 l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i: ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadt l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00edt \u1ecfi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5c m\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed1 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i – h\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 b\u1ec7 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt trong \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e0u n\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

(C\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp: K\u1ef3 cu\u1ed1i<\/a>)<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Perry Link, The Specter of June Fourth<\/em><\/strong><\/a>, China File, 20\/4\/2014<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/a> \u00a9 2014\u00a0Ph\u1ea1m V\u0169 L\u1eeda H\u1ea1<\/a><\/p>\n

(B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch, k\u00fd t\u00ean Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng An, \u0111\u0103ng 2 k\u1ef3 tr\u00ean\u00a0Th\u1eddi M\u1edbi Canada,<\/em>\u00a0ng\u00e0y 28\/5 v\u00e0 4\/6\/2014.)<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i li\u00ean quan:\u00a0Nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3n ma Thi\u00ean An\u00a0M\u00f4n<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trung C\u1ed9ng d\u00f9ng xe t\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u00fang m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p d\u00e3 man cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh \u00f4n h\u00f2a \u0111\u00f2i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ea1i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false},"categories":[2,6],"tags":[330,383,390,401,456],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7qNYI-10b","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3855"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3855"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3855\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5155,"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3855\/revisions\/5155"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lendongxuongdoai.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}